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The following is a list of
UNIX commands that you might find helpful when modifying your web sites on
the server. You will need a client to be able to log in and use SSH i find
WinSCP easy to use and its Free Most UNIX commands have many options and parameters which are
not listed here. For more complete information on using UNIX commands, you
can refer to the online manual by typing man [command] at
the UNIX prompt, where "[command]" represents the command you would like
more information about. Other UNIX help commands you can type are
[command] -? and [command] --help.
Heres some links to Telnet SSH
Client software
WinSCP is an
open source SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol) and SCP (Secure Copy) client
for Windows using SSH (Secure Shell)
or
PuTTY is a free implementation of Telnet and SSH for Win32 platforms,
along with an xterm terminal emulator
Not enough information then search Google below.
Navigating
in UNIX
|
pwd |
Shows the full path of the current directory |
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ls |
Lists all the files in the current directory |
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ls -al |
Lists all files and information |
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ls –alR |
Lists all files and information in all subdirectories |
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ls -alR | more |
Same as
ls –alR,
pausing when screen becomes full |
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ls -alR > filename.txt |
Same as
ls –alR,
outputs the results to a file |
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ls *.html |
Lists all files ending with .html |
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cd [directory name] |
Changes to a new directory |
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cd .. |
Changes to directory above current one |
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clear |
Clears the screen |
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vdir |
Gives a more detailed listing than the "ls" command |
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exit |
Log off your shell |
Moving, Copying and Deleting
Files
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mv [old filename] [new
filename] |
Move/rename a file |
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cp [filename] [new
filename] |
Copies a file |
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rm [filename] |
Deletes a file |
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rm * |
Deletes all files in current directory |
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rm *.html |
Deletes all files ending in .html |
Creating, Moving, Copying and
Deleting Directories
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mkdir [directory name] |
Creates a new directory |
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ls -d */ |
Lists all directories within current directory |
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cp -r [directory] [new
directory] |
Copies a directory and all files/directories in it |
Searching Files and
Directories
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find . -name [filename]
-print |
Searches for a file starting with current directory |
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grep [text] [filename] |
Searches for text within a file |
File and Directory Permissions
There are three levels of file
permissions: read, write and execute. In addition, there are three groups
to which you can assign permissions: file owner, user group and everyone.
The command chmod followed by three numbers is used to change
permissions. The first number is the permission for the owner, the second
for the group and the third for everyone. Here are how the levels of
permission translate:
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0 = --- |
No
permission |
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1 = --X |
Execute only |
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2 = -W- |
Write only |
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3 = -WX |
Write and execute |
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4 = R-- |
Read only |
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5 = R-X |
Read and execute |
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6 = RW- |
Read and write |
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7 = RWX |
Read, write and execute |
It is preferred that the group
always have permission of 0. This prevents other users on the server from
browsing files via Telnet and FTP. Here are the most common file
permissions used:
|
chmod 604 [filename] |
Minimum permissions for HTML file |
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chmod 705 [directory
name] |
Minimum permissions for directories |
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chmod 755 [filename] |
Minimum permissions for scripts & programs |
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chmod 606 [filename] |
Permissions for data files used by scripts |
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chmod 703 [directory
name] |
Write-only permissions for public FTP uploading |
How do I unzip a file with telnet?
All of the below commands assume that you
are within the same directory that the compressed file is in. To be sure
type:
ls
{enter}
If the file is there, you're ready to go. If not type:
cd /big/dom/xdomain/www/directory/
{enter}
replacing the path with the correct path to your file.
If a file ends in .zip (for example,
file.zip) type:
unzip file.zip
If a file ends in .tar (e.g., file.tar)
type:
tar -xvf file.tar
If a file ends in .gz (for example,
file.gz) type:
gzip -d file.gz
If a file ends in .tar.gz (e.g.
file.tar.gz) type:
gzip -d file.tar.gz
and then
tar -xvf file.tar
If a file ends in .tgz (e.g. file.tgz)
| zip [options] [zipfile]
[files] |
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The zip
command compresses a file or list of files into a zip format
archive file. This command is compatible with pkzip on a PC.
Simply type "zip zipfile file1 file2 file3" at a telnet command
prompt and replace zipfile with the name you want to use for your
compressed zip archive file, and replace fileX with the name of
the file(s) you want to compress into the zip archive. |
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For
example, type "zip backup.zip home.html index.html" at a telnet
command prompt to compress and archive the files called home.html
and index.html into the file called backup.zip. |
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| unzip [options] [zipfile] |
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The unzip
command extracts a zip format archive file. This command is
compatible with pkunzip files from a PC. Simply type "unzip zip
file" at a telnet command prompt and replace zip file with the
name of your zip format archive file. |
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For
example, type "unzip -aL old.zip" at a telnet command prompt to
extract files contained in the archive called old.zip. The "-aL"
are options that are generally useful when unzipping files created
on a PC. |
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